Abstract：Community capacity emphasizes the endogenous nature of development and is the community resources and interactions that are used to solve individual and collective problems and seek social well-being. Small tourism enterprises embedded in tourism destinations have obvious endogenous growth characteristics. This paper takes Hongcun small tourism enterprises as the research object, and adopts grounded theory research method to conduct coding analysis of interview data under the guidance of community competence theory. The results show that the original community resources such as residential houses, traditional skills and local culture in tourist destinations are transformed, excavated and inherited to become the foundation for the establishment and growth of small tourism enterprises. With the development of the market, the initiative of community participation deepens. As the driving force of community development, entrepreneurship always exists in the whole process of enterprise establishment and growth. It guides the development of community resources, community participation and collective action, and is the driving force of sustainable growth of small tourism enterprises. The study further found that the growth of tourism small enterprises and community capacity building have a circular promoting effect, which is conducive to the cultivation of community capacity and the agglomeration of tourism small enterprises in the destination.
郭强, 尹寿兵. 基于社区能力的旅游小企业成长机制研究——以宏村为例[J]. 人文地理, 2021, 36(6): 183-192.
GUO Qiang, YIN Shou-bing. RESEARCH ON THE GROWTH MECHANISM OF SMALL TOURISM ENTERPRISES BASED ON COMMUNITY CAPACITY: A CASE STUDY OF HONGCUN. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 36(6): 183-192.
尹寿兵,刘云霞,赵鹏.景区内旅游小企业发展的驱动机制——西递村案例研究[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):360-368.[Yin Shoubing, Liu Yunxia, Zhao Peng. Driving mechanism of the small tourism firms development in scenic areas:A case study of Xidi village[J]. Geographical Research, 2013,32(2):360-368.]
[2]
郭强,尹寿兵,刘云霞,等.初始资源、社会资本对旅游小企业成长的影响研究——以宏村为例[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(12):36-47.[Guo Qiang, Yin Shoubing, Liu Yunxia, et al. Research on the impact of initial resources and social capital on the growth of small tourism enterprises:A case study of the Hongcun village[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(12):36-47.]
[3]
Yrigoy I. The production of tourist spaces as a spatial fix[J]. Tourism Geographies, 2014,16(4):636-652.
[4]
Thomas R, Shaw G, Page S J. Understanding small firms in tourism:A perspective on research trends and challenges[J]. Tourism Management, 2011,32(5):963-976.
[5]
张若阳,付萧萧,章牧,等.乡村旅游非正规就业居民的社会排斥感知研究——以珠玑古巷为例[J]. 旅游学刊,2019,34(5):26-36.[Zhang Ruoyang, Fu Xiaoxiao, Zhang Mu, et al. Investigating the social exclusion perception of the informally employed group in Chinese rural tourism:A case study of Zhuji ancient alley[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(5):26-36.]
[6]
徐红罡,陈芳芳.目的地创业环境与旅游小企业创业——不同类型小企业比较研究[J].旅游科学,2018,32(1):29-44.[Xu Honggang, Chen Fangfang. The entrepreneurial environment of destination and the entrepreneurship of small tourism businesses:A comparison between different types of small tourism entrepreneurs[J]. Tourism Science, 2018,32(1):29-44.]
[7]
Getz D, Petersen T. Growth and profit-oriented entrepreneurship among family business owners in the tourism and hospitality industry[J]. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 2005,24(2):219-242.
[8]
陶伟,王花妮.遗产旅游地平遥古城本土小企业的空间聚集[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(12):88-94.[Tao Wei, Wang Huani. Spatial agglomeration of local small businesses in heritage tourist destination of Pingyao[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012,27(12):88-94.]
[9]
邱继勤.旅游小企业经营特征研究:以桂林阳朔西街为例[J].江苏商论,2006(7):90-92.[Qiu Jiqin. Study on the management characteristics of small tourism enterprises:A case study of Yangshuo west street, Guilin[J]. Jiangsu Commercial Forum, 2006(7):90-92.]
[10]
Getz D, Carlsen J. Characteristics and goals of family and owneroperated businesses in the rural tourism and hospitality sectors[J]. Tourism Management, 2000,21(6):547-560.
[11]
文彤,张庆芳.家文化视角下本土旅游小企业的代际传承[J].旅游学刊,2017,32(8):93-103.[Wen Tong, Zhang Qingfang. Intergenerational succession of local small tourism businesses:The perspective of Chinese family culture[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(8):93-103.]
[12]
Rogerson, C M. Unpacking tourism SMMEs in South Africa:Structure, support needs and policy response[J]. Development Southern Africa, 2005,22(5):623-642.
[13]
Morrison A J, King B E M. Small tourism businesses and e-commerce:Victorian tourism online[J]. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2002,4(2):104-115.
[14]
Ateljevic J. Small tourism firms and management practices in New Zealand:The centre stage macro region[J]. Tourism Management, 2007,28(1):307-316.
[15]
陈蕾,杨钊.生活方式型旅游小企业的特征及研究启示[J].旅游学刊,2014,29(8):80-88.[Chen Lei, Yang Zhao. Features of lifestyleoriented small tourism firms and its implications[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2014,29(8):80-88.]
[16]
Avci U, Madanoglu M, Okumus F. Strategic orientation and performance of tourism firms:Evidence from a developing country[J]. Tourism Management, 2011,32(1):147-157.
[17]
徐红罡,马少吟.旅游小企业的创业机会识别研究——桂林阳朔西街案例[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(8):18-26.[Xu Honggang, Ma Shaoyin. Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process of small tourism businesses:A case study of Yangshuo Xijie[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012,27(8):18-26.]
[18]
武真真,章锦河.近15年来国外旅游小企业研究进展[J].旅游学刊, 2012,27(8):27-35.[Wu Zhenzhen, Zhang Jinhe. Study progress on overseas small tourism businesses in recent 15 years[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2012,27(8):27-35.]
[19]
白凯,于江波.民间资本助力在线旅游中小企业发展的制度创新[J].旅游学刊,2019,34(3):3-5.[Bai Kai, Yu Jiangbo. Institutional innovation of private capital for the development of online tourism SMEs[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2019,34(3):3-5.]
[20]
黎耀奇,刘必强,宋丽红.制度环境、创业动机与旅游创新——基于全球创业观察调查的证据[J].旅游论坛,2018,11(3):70-80.[Li Yaoqi, Liu Biqiang, Song Lihong. The institutional environment, entrepreneurship motivation and tourism innovation[J]. Tourism Forum, 2018,11(3):70-80.]
[21]
张环宙,李秋成,黄祖辉.资源系统、家族网依赖与农民创业旅游小企业成长关系研究[J].浙江社会科学,2018(12):52-59.[Zhang Huanzhou, Li Qiucheng, Huang Zuhui. Resource system, family network dependency and the growth of peasant-established small tourism enterprises[J]. Zhejiang Social Sciences, 2018(12):52-59.]
[22]
徐雅雯,甘巧林.扎根理论视角下旅游非正式部门成长路径——以安徽西递古村为例[J]. 人文地理,2016,31(5):99-105.[Xu Yawen, Gan Qiaolin. The growth path of tourism informal sector based on grounded theory:A case of Xidi ancient village in Anhui[J]. Human Geography, 2016,31(5):99-105.]
[23]
Arregle J L, Batjargal B, Hitt M A, et al. Family ties in entrepreneurs' social networks and new venture growth[J]. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 2015,39(2):313-344.
[24]
Craig, G. Community capacity-building:Something old, something new?[J]. Critical Social Policy, 2007,27(3):335-359.
[25]
Kusel J. Assessing well-being in forest dependent communities[J]. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 2001,13(1):359-384.
[26]
Labonte R. Social capital and community development:Practitioner emptor[J]. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 1999,23(4):430-433.
[27]
Taylor, M. Public Policy in the Community[M]. Basingstoke:Palgrave Macmillan, 2011:110-134.
[28]
黄云凌,武艳华,徐延辉.社区能力及其测量——以深圳市为例[J]. 城市问题,2013(3):20-27.[Huang Yunling, Wu Yanhua, Xu Yanhui. Community capacity and its measurement:Take Shenzhen city for example[J]. Urban Problems, 2013(3):20-27.]
[29]
Labonte R, Laverack G. Capacity building in health promotion, Part 1:For whom? And for what purpose?[J]. Critical Public Health, 2001,11(2):111-127.
[30]
Chaskin R J. Building community capacity:A definitional framework and case studies from a comprehensive community initiative[J]. Urban Affairs Review, 2001,36(3):291-323.
[31]
Beckley T. Multiple capacities, multiple outcomes:Delving deeper into the meaning of community capacity[J]. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 2004,3(3):56-75.
[32]
Eade D. Capacity building:Who builds whose capacity?[J]. Development in Practice, 2007,17(4):630-639.
[33]
Montemurro G R, Raine K D, Nykiforuk C I J, et al. Exploring the process of capacity-building among community-based health promotion workers in Alberta, Canada[J]. Health promotion international, 2014,29(3):463-473.
[34]
Laverack G. Evaluating community capacity:Visual representation and interpretation[J]. Community Development Journal, 2006, 41(3):266-276.
[35]
阿马蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展[M].任赜,于真,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002:50-80.[Amarttya S. Development as Freedom[M]. Ren Ze, Yu Zhen, trans. Beijing:China Renmin University Press, 2002:50-80.]
[36]
Reid D G, Mair H, George W. Community tourism planning:A selfassessment instrument[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2004,31(3):623-639.
[37]
孙九霞.赋权理论与旅游发展中的社区能力建设[J].旅游学刊, 2008,23(9):22-27.[Sun Jiuxia. Empowerment theory and the construction of community capability in the development of tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008,23(9):22-27.]
[38]
司俊倩.乡村旅游地社区能力影响路径研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2019:45-46.[Si Junqian. The Influence Path Study on the Community Capacity of Rural Tourist Areas[D]. Dalian:Dalian University of Technology, 2019:45-46.]
[39]
郭强,尹寿兵,刘云霞,等.旅游小企业成长特征及其影响因素——以宏村为例[J].热带地理, 2019,39(5):759-769.[Guo Qiang, Yin Shoubing, Liu Yunxia, et al. Growth characteristics and influencing factors of small tourism enterprises:A case study of Hongcun village[J]. Tropical Geography, 2019,39(5):759-769.]
[40]
文军,吴越菲.流失"村民"的村落:传统村落的转型及其乡村性反思——基于15个典型村落的经验研究[J].社会学研究,2017,32(4):22-45.[Wen Jun, Wu Yuefei. Villages with a loss of villagers:The transformation of the traditional villages and reflections on rurality:Based on the empirical research of 15 typical villages[J]. Sociological Studies, 2017,32(4):22-45.]
[41]
尹寿兵,郭强,刘云霞.旅游小企业成长路径及其驱动机制——以世界文化遗产地宏村为例[J].地理研究,2018,37(12):2503-2516.[Yin Shoubing, Guo Qiang, Liu Yunxia. The growth path and mechanism of small tourism businesses:Taking world cultural heritage site Hongcun as an example[J]. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(12):2503-2516.]
[42]
Barringer B R, Jones F F, Neubaum D O. A quantitative content analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their founders[J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2005,20(5):663-687.
[43]
张川川,李涛.文化经济学研究的国际动态[J].经济学动态,2015(1):96-108.[Zhang Chuanchuan, Li Tao. International trends of cultural economics research[J]. Economic Perspectives, 2015(1):96-108.]
[44]
左冰,保继刚.从"社区参与"走向"社区增权"——西方"旅游增权"理论研究述评[J].旅游学刊,2008,23(4):58-63.[Zuo Bing, Bao Jigang. From community participation to community empowerment:Review on theoretical study of "tourism empowerment" in western countries[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2008,23(4):58-63.]
[45]
Akama J S. Western environmental values and nature based tourism in Kenya[J]. Tourism Management, 1996,17(8):567-574.
[46]
Scheyvens R. Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities[J]. Tourism Management, 1999,20(2):245-249.
[47]
左冰.旅游增权理论本土化研究——云南迪庆案例[J].旅游科学, 2009,23(2):1-8.[Zuo Bing. Localization of empowerment theory in China's tourism development:A case study of Diqing in Yunnan province[J] Tourism Science, 2009,23(2):1-8.]
[48]
马东艳.旅游增权、社区参与和公平感知的关系研究——以四川理县桃坪羌寨为例[J].中央民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2015,42(4):104-111.[Ma Dongyan. Study on the relationship between tourism empowerment, community participation and justice perception:A case study of Taoping Qiang village in Li county of Sichuan province[J]. Journal of Minzu University of China (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2015,42(4):104-111.]
[49]
Rasoolimanesh S M, Ringle C M, Jaafar M, et al. Urban vs. rural destinations:Residents' perceptions, community participation and support for tourism development[J]. Tourism Management, 2017, 60:147-158.
[50]
潘植强,梁保尔,吴玉海,等.社区增权:实现社区参与旅游发展的有效路径[J].旅游论坛,2014,7(6):43-49.[Pan Zhiqang, Liang Baoer, Wu Yuhai, et al. Community empowerment:An effective way to realize community's involvement in tourism development[J]. Tourism Forum, 2014,7(6):43-49.]
[51]
Clark D, Southern R, Beer J. Rural governance, community empowerment and the new institutionalism:A case study of the Isle of Wight[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2007,23(2):254-266.
